Jurisdiction
In accordance with federal constitutional legislation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation exercises jurisdiction in several procedural capacities.
First, the Court acts as a court of first instance for categories of cases expressly attributed to its competence by federal law. Such cases may include disputes involving federal state bodies or matters of particular legal significance that require consideration directly by the highest judicial authority within the system.
Second, the Supreme Court functions as an appellate court, reviewing judicial decisions that have not yet entered into legal force. In this capacity, the Court examines the legality and validity of judicial acts adopted by lower courts.
Third, the Court performs the role of a cassation instance, reviewing judicial acts that have already entered into legal force to verify the correctness of the application of substantive and procedural law.
In addition, the Supreme Court carries out supervisory review of final judicial decisions in cases and according to the procedure established by federal legislation.
The Court also reviews judicial acts based on newly discovered or new circumstances, ensuring that justice may be restored in cases where significant facts or legal developments emerge after the adoption of a judicial decision.
Through these procedural mechanisms, the Supreme Court provides the highest level of judicial review within the system of courts of general jurisdiction and commercial courts.